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61-64. Non-luminous UpaGrahas (Sub-Grahas). Add 4 Rasis 13 degrees and 20 minutes of arc to Surya’s longitude at a given moment to get the exact position of the all inauspicious Dhoom. Reduce Dhoom from 12 Rasis to arrive at Vyatipat. Vyatipat is also inauspicious. Add six Rasis to Vyatipat to know the position of Parivesh. He is extremely inauspicious. Deduct Parivesh from 12 Rasis to arrive at the position of Chap (Indra Dhanus), who is also inauspicious. Add 16 degrees 40 minutes to Chap, which will give Ketu (UpaKetu), who is a malefic. By adding a Rasi to UpaKetu, you get the original longitude of Surya. These are the Grahas, devoid of splendour, which are malefics by nature and cause affliction.

65. Effects of Sub-Grahas. If one of these afflicts Surya, the native’s dynasty will decline, while Candr and Lagn, respectively, associated with one of these, will destroy the longevity and wisdom. So declared Lord Brahma, the Lotus-Born.

66-69. Calculations of Gulik etc. The portions of Surya etc. up to Sani denote the periods of Gulik and others. Divide the day duration (of any week day) into eight equal parts. The eighth portion is Lord-less. The seven portions are distributed to the seven Grahas commencing from the Lord of the week day. Whichever portion is ruled by Sani, will be the portion of Gulik. Similarly make the night duration into eight equal parts and distribute these, commencing from the Lord of the 5^th (by) week. Here again, the eighth portion is Lord-less, while Sani’s portion is Gulik. Surya’s portion is Kaal, Mangal’s portion is Mrityu, Guru’s portion is Yamaghantak and Budh’s portion is Ardhaprahar. These durations differently apply to different places (commensurate with variable day and night durations).

70. Gulik’s Position. The degree, ascending at the time of start of Gulik’s portion (as above), will be the longitude of Gulik at a given place. Based on this longitude only, Gulik’s effects for a particular nativity be estimated.

71-74. Calculation of Pranapad. Convert the given time into Vighatis and divide the same by 15. The resultant Rasi, degrees etc. be added to Surya, if he is in a Movable Rasi, which will yield Pranapad. If Surya is in a Fixed Rasi, add 240 degrees additionally and, if in a Dual Rasi, add 120 degrees in furtherance to get Pranapad. The birth will be auspicious, if Pranapad falls in the 2^nd, 5^th, 9^th, 4^th, 10^th, or 11^th from the natal Lagn. In other Bhavas Pranapad indicates an inauspicious birth.

Notes. Ardhaprahar, Yamaghantak, Mrityu, Kaal and Gulik are the 5 Kaal Velas, suggested by Maharishi Parashar. The day duration, according to altitude, is divided into eight equal parts. The eighth portion is unlorded. The first portion is allotted to the weekday Lord. Other portions follow in the order of weekday Lords. We consider 5 portions of Grahas, ignoring that of Candr and Sukr. The portions of Surya, Mangal, Budh, Guru and Sani are, respectively, called Kaal, Mrityu, Ardhaprahar, Yamaghantak and Gulik.

In the case of night the durations, or 1/8^th parts are allotted in a different order. The first portion goes to the Grah, ruling the 5^th weekday Lord, counted from the day in question. The others follow in the usual order. Here again, the 8^th part is Lord-less. The portions of Grahas from Kaal to Gulik are the same in nomenclature in the night also.

Keeranuru NataRaja of Jatakalankaram (Tamil version) gives Rasis of dignities for these UpaGrahas and Gulik etc. (UpaGrah & Gulik etc.: Exaltation, Debilitation, Swakshetra (own Rasi)) Dhoom: Simh, Kumbh, Makar; Vyatipat: Vrischik, Vrishabh, Mithun; Parivesh: Mithun, Dhanu, Dhanu; Indrachap: Dhanu, Mithun, Kark; UpaKetu: Kumbh, Simh, Kark; Gulik: -, -, Kumbh; Yamaghantak: -, -, Dhanu; Ardhaprahar: -, -, Mithun; Kaal: -, -, Makar; Mrityu: -, -, Vrischik.

From Surya to Sani no one is exalted in the above-mentioned exaltation Rasis, nor debilitated in the above-mentioned debilitation Rasis.

Out of the 5 Kaal Velas, viz. Gulik etc., four except Kaal (related to Surya) have their own Rasi system in the respective Rasis, ruled by their fathers. Gulik, son of Sani, has Kumbh, as his own Bhava. Guru’s son, Yamaghantak, has it in Dhanu. Ardhaprahar, Budh’s son, is in own Rasi, if in Mithun. Mrityu, son of Mangal, has Vrischik, as own Bhava. It is not known, why Kaal, a son of Surya shifted to Makar, a Rasi of his brother (Sani), leaving his father’s Simh. Obviously, Sani has given his Mooltrikon to his son Gulik, while he gave Makar (a secondary Rasi) to his ‘brother’ Kaal.